Here's a real world experience I had that was solved by going to a larger air filter element. It's a long read, so to summarize it, I was finally able to solve an occasional "stunble" problem by going to a 4" element, replacing a 3" one. Along the way, I had tried a K&N filter, which made the problem much worse. https://www.jalopyjournal.com/forum...-help-no-longer-needed.1163830/#post-13234361
One neat thing about paper elements is you can stack them! I have always figured the larger the air cleaner the better. On my old 55 Ford with a 436MEL I had tons of hood clearance , so I just got a longer rod and put two stock air cleaner elements on it! No actually tests, but it felt like it had more power. Bones
And don't forget to flip your lid on those stock air cleaners... It is worth a couple of extra ponies...